Water softeners
A softener removes the calcium and magnesium behind scale, spots and stiff laundry. The right one depends on your hardness reading, your household and whether you’re on a well.
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How a softener works
Water passes through a tank of resin beads that hold on to hardness minerals and release sodium or potassium in their place. Every so often the system regenerates, rinsing the beads with brine from the salt tank and sending the minerals down the drain.
What affects the right size
- Hardness. Measured in grains per gallon. Higher numbers mean more capacity.
- Household water use. More people means more gallons between regenerations.
- Iron. Well water with iron may need pre-treatment to protect the resin.
- Regeneration type. Demand-based valves regenerate only when needed, using less salt and water than timer models.
- Space and drains. The system needs a level spot, a nearby drain and usually a power outlet.
Questions to ask before you buy
Ask for your measured hardness in writing, the system’s capacity, how much salt it should use, what the warranty covers and who services it. Compare any quote on those points rather than on the monthly payment alone. A dealer-only brand may limit who can repair it later, so ask about parts too.
Frequently asked questions
How much does a water softener cost?
A softener typically costs $1,200–$3,800 installed, based on national cost guides. Larger capacity, premium valves and difficult plumbing push it higher.
How long does a softener last?
Many last 10 to 15 years or more with care. Service history and the amount of iron in the water make a big difference.
How often do I add salt?
Many households add a bag or two a month, but it varies with hardness, usage and the efficiency of the system. Keep the tank at least partly full.
Does softening work on well water?
Yes, but well water often needs iron or sediment filtration ahead of the softener. A test shows whether you need that.